Turning Test

- Turing Test

Alan Turing proposed a simple method of determining whether a machine can demonstrate human intelligence. If a machine engages in a conversation with a human about how to process the data it has been demonstrated by a machine, He has proposed the following skills of the test as follows: 

The turning judges the conversational skills of humans. According to this test, a computer program can think of a proper response for humans. This test matches the conversational data from the existing data through an algorithm and back respond to humans.

- Turing Test Case

The Turing test is a method of inquiry in artificial intelligence (AI) used to determine whether a computer can think like a human. The test is named after the founder of the Turing Test, British computer scientist, cryptanalyst, mathematician and theoretical biologist Alan Turing.

Turing proposed that a computer can be said to have artificial intelligence if it can mimic human responses under certain conditions. The original Turing test required three terminals, each physically separate from the other two. One terminal is operated by a computer and the other two are operated by a human.

During the test, one of the people acted as the questioner, while the second person and the computer acted as the respondent. The questioner asks the respondent within a specific subject area using the specified format and context. After a preset length of time or number of questions, the questioner is then asked to decide which answerer is a human and which answerer is a computer.

This test is repeated multiple times. A computer is considered to have artificial intelligence if the questioner makes the correct judgment in half or fewer of the test runs, because the questioner considers it "just as human" as the human answerer.

- History

The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. 

Turing proposed that a human evaluator would judge natural language conversations between a human and a machine designed to generate human-like responses. The evaluator would be aware that one of the two partners in conversation was a machine, and all participants would be separated from one another. The conversation would be limited to a text-only channel, such as a computer keyboard and screen, so the result would not depend on the machine's ability to render words as speech. If the evaluator could not reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine would be said to have passed the test. 

The test results would not depend on the machine's ability to give correct answers to questions, only on how closely its answers resembled those a human would give.

The test was introduced by Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" while working at the University of Manchester. It opens with the words: "I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'" Because "thinking" is difficult to define, Turing chooses to "replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words." 

Turing describes the new form of the problem in terms of a three-person game called the "imitation game", in which an interrogator asks questions of a man and a woman in another room in order to determine the correct sex of the two players. Turing's new question is: "Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?" This question, Turing believed, was one that could actually be answered. In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major objections to the proposition that "machines can think".

Since Turing introduced his test, it has been both highly influential and widely criticised, and has become an important concept in the philosophy of artificial intelligence. Some of its criticisms, such as John Searle's Chinese room, are themselves controversial.