Intelligent Systems

- Overview

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of digital computers or computer-controlled robots to perform tasks usually associated with intelligent beings. AI is also defined as,

• Intelligent entities created by humans.
• Ability to perform tasks intelligently without explicit instructions.
• Ability to think and act rationally and humanely.

An intelligent system is a machine or computer system that uses AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms to gather, analyze, and respond to data from its environment. 

Intelligent systems can learn from experience, adapt to new data, and communicate with other systems or users. They are designed to reduce manual labor and improve efficiency by automating tasks and streamlining processes.

Intelligent systems are often compared to biological systems because they can perform tasks like humans, such as recognizing patterns, making decisions, and controlling tasks. However, humans reason in imprecise ways, while computers are based on binary reasoning. 

Intelligent systems can have several capabilities, including:

• Self-learning: Systems can learn from their experiences to reduce errors and improve performance
• Identification: Systems can automatically recognize specific information and send it through various channels
• Protection: Systems need secure networks and communications to function properly
• Remote management: Systems allow people to interact with them from any location
• User experience: Systems need accessible and adjustable interfaces to interact with users

- Key Functions of Intelligent Systems

In AI, an intelligent system functions by utilizing capabilities like data sensing and processing, adaptive behavior, decision-making, learning from experience, perception of the environment, interaction with other agents, and responding to changing situations - essentially mimicking human-like cognitive abilities to analyze data, make informed decisions, and adapt to different scenarios within its environment, often through the use of machine learning algorithms. 

Key functions of intelligent systems include:

• Perception: Gathering information from the surrounding environment through sensors, like cameras, microphones, or touch sensors.
• Data Processing: Analyzing and interpreting the collected data to extract meaningful insights.
• Reasoning and Decision Making: Using logic and algorithms to make informed choices based on the processed data.
• Learning: Adapting behavior based on new experiences and feedback, allowing the system to improve over time.
• Action Execution: Taking appropriate actions based on decisions made, like controlling a robot's movements or providing a response to a user query.
• Communication: Interacting with other systems or users through natural language processing or other communication methods.
• Adaptation: Adjusting to changing conditions or unexpected situations in the environment.

- What is Intelligence Composed of?

The intelligence is intangible. It consists of the following components: Reasoning, Learning, Problem Solving, Perception, Linguistic Intelligence. 

Human intelligence is the intellectual power of humans characterized by complex cognitive expertise coupled with high levels of motivation and self-awareness. Intelligence enables humans to remember descriptions of things and use these descriptions in future behavior. 

This is a cognitive process. It gives humans the cognitive ability to learn, form concepts, comprehend, and reason, including the ability to recognize patterns, innovate, plan, solve problems, and communicate using language. Intelligence enables humans to experience and think. 

AI is both the intelligence of machines and a branch of computer science that aims to create it through the "study and design of intelligent agents" or "rational agents", where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success. 

Characteristics that researchers want machines to exhibit include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects. 

- The Major Areas Within Intelligent Systems

An intelligent system is an advanced computer system that can gather, analyze and respond to the data it collects from its surrounding environment. It can work and communicate with other agents, such as users or other computer systems. It can also learn from experience and adapt according to current data. 

Intelligent systems are technologically advanced machines that sense and respond to the world around them. Smart systems can come in many forms, from autonomous vacuum cleaners like the Roomba to facial recognition programs to Amazon's personalized shopping recommendations.

Two major areas in intelligent systems are: how machines perceive their environment and how those machines interact with the environment.

One way an intelligent system perceives its environment is through vision. The study of how computers understand and interpret visual information from still images and video sequences arose in the late 1950s and early 1960s. 

Intelligent system has grown into a powerful technology that is at the heart of the country's industrial, commercial and government sectors. Key factors contributing to this growth are exponential increases in processor speed and memory capacity, as well as advances in algorithms.

- Examples of Intelligent Systems

Intelligent systems are used in many industries, including retail, manufacturing, and software engineering. They are sometimes considered part of the Internet of Things (IoT), which is a network of wireless devices that receive and respond to data on the internet. 

Intelligent systems are poised to fill a growing number of roles in today's society, including:

• Factory automation
• Field and service robotics
• Assistive robotics
• Military applications
• Medical care
• Education
• Entertainment
• Visual inspection
• Character recognition
• Human identification using various biometric modalities (e.g. face, fingerprint, iris, hand)
• Visual surveillance
• Intelligent transportation

- Challenges in Intelligent Systems