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Quantum Computing Development Roadmap

The Visualization of the Wave Function of Two Entangled Photons_091223A
[The Visualization of the Wave Function of Two Entangled Photons - University of Ottawa]
   

The Road to Quantum Advantage

 

- Overview

In the field of quantum computing, a 1 or 0 is not stored as an ordinary bit, but as a qubit. What makes a qubit different is that it can be both a 1 and a 0 at the same time, potentially enabling quantum computers to shine through more advanced calculations that take classical computers orders of magnitude longer to complete. 

Quantum computers still have a long way to go before they can reliably reach that speed or be practical in everyday use. First, qubits require an extremely controlled environment, where slight perturbations, such as tiny changes in temperature, can cause qubits to lose their quantum state -- and their information.

The overall purpose of this roadmap is to help facilitate progress in quantum computing research towards the era of quantum computer science. This is a living document and will be updated as needed. 

 

- Quantum Computing: From Research to Reality

Quantum computing is a rapidly developing field, and its future is full of exciting possibilities. However, quantum computing is still in its infancy, and there are many technical and practical challenges to overcome before it can become a mainstream technology. 

These challenges include improving the stability and scalability of quantum hardware, developing better algorithms and error correction techniques, and finding new applications that can take advantage of the unique properties of quantum computing. A few potential directions for future quantum computing are listed below:

  • Improved hardware: Developing hardware that can reliably perform quantum computations is one of the main challenges of quantum computing. To mitigate the effects of noise and decoherence, researchers are developing better quantum processors and improving error correction techniques. 
  • Applications in chemistry and materials science: By simulating complex chemical reactions and interactions that are difficult or impossible to model with conventional computers, quantum computing may be able to greatly accelerate the discovery of new materials and drugs. 
  • Advances in cryptography: Quantum computing has the potential to break many of the encryption algorithms used today to protect sensitive information. However, researchers are also working on developing new quantum-safe encryption methods that are resistant to attacks by quantum computers. 
  • Optimization and machine learning: Quantum computing can be used to solve optimization problems that are difficult for classical computers, such as those encountered in logistics and supply chain management. Quantum machine learning can also significantly improve data analysis and pattern recognition. 
  • Hybrid Classical-Quantum Computing: Many applications may require a combination of classical and quantum computing for optimal results. Researchers are developing ways to integrate classical and quantum algorithms to take advantage of the strengths of each.

 

- Quantum States

A quantum state is a state of a system of quantum mechanics. The precise mathematical notion of state depends on what mathematical formalization of quantum mechanics is used.

In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that embodies the knowledge of a quantum system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. The result is a quantum mechanical prediction for the system represented by the state. Knowledge of the quantum state together with the quantum mechanical rules for the system's evolution in time exhausts all that can be known about a quantum system.

 

The University of Chicago_052921A
[The University of Chicago]

- Superconducting Quantum Computing

Superconducting quantum computing is a branch of solid state quantum computing that implements superconducting electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or quantum dots. For superconducting qubits, the two logic states are the ground state and the excited state, denoted |g⟩ and |e⟩respectively. Research in superconducting quantum computing is conducted by companies such as Google, IBM. Many recently developed QPUs (quantum processing units, or quantum chips) utilize superconducting architecture.

 

- Superconducting Qbits

Quantum devices often look very different from their classical counterparts. There is one exception – the central piece of some of the most advanced quantum computers is still a chip. It is not made from silicon but from materials that are superconducting. 
 
Superconductors are implemented in quantum computing because they possess both near infinite conductivity and near zero resistance.
 
Superconducting qubits are among the most promising approaches to building quantum computers. At the most basic level, a superconducting qubit is simply a circuit loop with an electrical current traveling around it. That circuit is made up of metals that become superconducting — i.e., able to conduct current without resistance — when cooled below a certain critical temperature.
 
 
 

<More to come ..>

 

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